Frustrated with devtools::install_github() and Missing Build Tools? Here's the Solution!
Have you ever tried installing a package from GitHub using devtools::install_github() only to be met with the dreaded error "Error: 'make' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file"? You're not alone! This frustrating issue often arises when the package you're trying to install requires specific build tools, such as make, gcc, or clang, which may not be readily available on your system.
Let's break down the problem and explore the solutions:
The Problem:
devtools::install_github() relies on R's build system to compile and install packages. This system often utilizes external tools like make, gcc, and clang to generate the necessary files for the package to work correctly. When these tools are missing or not configured properly on your system, the installation process fails.
Scenario and Code:
Imagine you're trying to install the tidyverse package from GitHub. You run the following code:
devtools::install_github("tidyverse/tidyverse")
And you encounter the error:
Error: 'make' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.
Understanding the Error:
This error message signifies that your system cannot locate the make command, which is a crucial tool for compiling the tidyverse package.
Solutions:
1. Install Build Tools:
- Windows: You can install the required tools (like
make) by installing the Rtools package from https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/Rtools/. - macOS:
makeis often included by default. If not, install the Xcode Command Line Tools from https://developer.apple.com/xcode/. - Linux: Most Linux distributions come with
makepre-installed. If not, you can install it using your distribution's package manager (e.g.,sudo apt-get install makeon Ubuntu/Debian).
2. Set Environment Variables:
After installing build tools, you might need to ensure your system knows where to find them. This often involves setting environment variables. Consult your operating system's documentation for detailed instructions on setting environment variables.
3. Use a Package Manager:
Packages like remotes offer alternative ways to install packages from GitHub. Instead of devtools::install_github(), you can use remotes::install_github(), which can sometimes bypass the need for explicit build tool installation.
4. RStudio Build Tools:
If you're using RStudio, it often comes bundled with pre-configured build tools for Windows and macOS. You can leverage these tools to simplify installation.
Additional Tips:
- Check for Updates: Ensure your R and Rtools installations are up to date to avoid compatibility issues.
- Consult Package Documentation: Review the specific package's documentation for any installation instructions or build tool requirements.
- Use a Virtual Environment: Consider using a virtual environment like
renvorpackratto manage dependencies and create isolated environments for your projects.
Conclusion:
devtools::install_github() is a powerful tool for installing packages from GitHub, but it can sometimes be hindered by missing build tools. By understanding the requirements, installing the necessary tools, and configuring your system correctly, you can overcome these hurdles and enjoy a smoother development experience.
